Use an ampersand (&) before the final author's name. Note: List each chapter author's last name and initials as Author, A. Understanding the breast cancer experience of women: A qualitative study of African American, Asian American, Latina and Caucasian cancer survivors. T., Padilla, G., Tejero, J., Kraemer, J., Wright, K., Coscarelli, A., Clayton, S., Williams, I., & Hills, D.

DOI (Digital Object Identifier) Read more about DOIs from the APA Style wesbite.Īshing‐Giwa, K.

Note: If there is no page range within the journal volume/issue, this can be excluded.

(Issue), Note: If there is a issue number in addition to a volume number, include it in parentheses.

If there is no issue, include a comma before the page range.

Volume Note: Italicize the journal volume.

Title of the Journal, Note: Italicize and capitalize each word in the journal.

Only the first word of the title and subtitle and proper nouns are capitalized.

Note: For works that are part of a greater whole (e.g. Read more from the APA Style website if there are 21 or more authors. Note: List each author's last name and initial as Author, A. In-text citations differ depending on the number of authors listed for a work, and if there is a group author. In the sciences and social sciences, only use the exact phrasing or argument of an individual when necessary. Toro Tip: Use direct quotes sparingly! Focus on summarizing the findings from multiple research studies. Shavers (2007) study found the following: While research studies have established that socioeconomic status influences disease incidence, severity and access to healthcare, there has been relatively less study of the specific manner in which low SES influences receipt of quality care and consequent morbidity and mortality among patients with similar disease characteristics, particularly among those who have gained access to the healthcare system. The in-text citation in parentheses goes after the punctuation of the quote. Instead, indent the text 1/2' as a visual cue that you are citing. If you're directly quoting more than 40 words, use a blockquote. Brown (2019) found that 'Direct quote' (p.According to Brown (2019), 'Direct quote' (p.Any sentence punctuation goes after the closing parenthesis.

If you're quoting the exact words of someone else, introduce the quote with an in-text citation in parentheses.

Essential grammar in use latest edition